| Passport | #5 · 186 destinations | #4 · 186 destinations |
|---|---|---|
| Min. investment | ≈ USD 900/mo income (EUR 820/mo) | ≈ USD 110k+ fixed costs on the rental route (plus rent); ≈ USD 520k all-in with property purchase |
| Citizenship | Citizenship after 5 years with basic Portuguese language test (A2) | No investment route to citizenship — MEIN closed July 2025 |
| Safety | Excellent | Excellent |
| GDP per capita | USD 25,000 | USD 34,000 |